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				<h1>Using arrays in bash</h1>
				<p class="byline">by <a href="http://search.techrepublic.com.com/search/Vincent Danen.html">Vincent Danen</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;Aug 08, 2005 7:00:00 AM</p>

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				<p class="takeaway"><b>Takeaway:</b> Learn two ways two declare an array in bash in this Linux tip.</p>

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				<p>Assigning variables in bash is easily done and extremely\r
useful, but like other programming languages, bash can also use arrays. This is\r
particularly handy when you want to read the contents of a file into an array or\r
simply keep your scripts more organized and logical.</p>\r
\r
<p>There are two ways of declaring an array:</p>\r
\r
<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>declare -a FOO<br>&lt;/code&gt;</pre>\r
\r
<p>This creates an empty array called FOO. You can also declare\r
an array by assigning values to it:</p>\r
\r
<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>FOO[2] = 'bar'<br>&lt;/codE&gt;</pre>\r
\r
<p>This assigns the third element of the array to the value\r
'bar'. In this instance, FOO[0] and FOO[1] are also\r
created, but their values are empty.</p>\r
\r
<p>To populate an array, use:</p>\r
\r
<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>FOO=( bar string 'some text' )<br>&lt;/code&gt;</pre>\r
\r
<p>This assigns the first element (FOO[0])\r
to 'bar', the second (FOO[1]) to 'string' and the final element (FOO[3]) to\r
'some text'. Notice that the array elements are separated by a blank space, so\r
if a value contains white spaces it must be quoted.</p>\r
\r
<p>To use an array, it is referred to as $FOO[2]\r
but it also needs to be surrounded in curly braces, otherwise bash will not\r
expand it correctly:</p>\r
\r
<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>$ echo {$FOO[2]}<br>some text<br>&lt;/code&gt;</pre>\r
\r
<p>To loop through an array, you can use a piece of shell code\r
like the following:</p>\r
\r
<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>\r
#!/bin/sh</pre><pre>FOO=( bar string 'some text')<br>foonum=${#FOO}<br>\r
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194	document.cookie = name + "=" + escape( value ) + ";expires=" + expires_date.toGMTString() + ";path=" + path;
195
196	}
197
198	function sendVote()
199	{
200	http.open('get', '');
201	http.onreadystatechange = handleResponse;
202	http.send(null);
203	}
204
205	function handleResponse()
206	{
207	if(http.readyState == 4)
208	{
209	var response = http.responseText;
210	var temp_array = new Array();
211	temp_array = response.split('~');
212	var ranking = temp_array[0];
213
214	if (ranking > 0) {
215	ranking = ranking;
216	}
217
218	// Replace with ajax magic
219	document.getElementById('votecount').innerHTML = ranking;
220
221	// Remove the thumbs
222	var voter = document.getElementById('recommend');
223	voter.className = "thanks";
224	voter.innerHTML = "";
225
226	Set_Cookie('service',(existing_votes + '~85140'),30,'/');
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230
231
232	</ul><!-- /toolbar -->
233	</div><!-- /interact -->
234	</div><!-- /contentHeader -->
235
236	<div id="articleText">
237	<p class="takeaway"><b>Takeaway:</b> Learn two ways two declare an array in bash in this Linux tip.</p>
238
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247
248	<p>Assigning variables in bash is easily done and extremely\r
249	useful, but like other programming languages, bash can also use arrays. This is\r
250	particularly handy when you want to read the contents of a file into an array or\r
251	simply keep your scripts more organized and logical.</p>\r
252	\r
253	<p>There are two ways of declaring an array:</p>\r
254	\r
255	<pre><code><br>declare -a FOO<br></code></pre>\r
256	\r
257	<p>This creates an empty array called FOO. You can also declare\r
258	an array by assigning values to it:</p>\r
259	\r
260	<pre><code><br>FOO[2] = 'bar'<br></codE></pre>\r
261	\r
262	<p>This assigns the third element of the array to the value\r
263	'bar'. In this instance, FOO[0] and FOO[1] are also\r
264	created, but their values are empty.</p>\r
265	\r
266	<p>To populate an array, use:</p>\r
267	\r
268	<pre><code><br>FOO=( bar string 'some text' )<br></code></pre>\r
269	\r
270	<p>This assigns the first element (FOO[0])\r
271	to 'bar', the second (FOO[1]) to 'string' and the final element (FOO[3]) to\r
272	'some text'. Notice that the array elements are separated by a blank space, so\r
273	if a value contains white spaces it must be quoted.</p>\r
274	\r
275	<p>To use an array, it is referred to as $FOO[2]\r
276	but it also needs to be surrounded in curly braces, otherwise bash will not\r
277	expand it correctly:</p>\r
278	\r
279	<pre><code><br>$ echo {$FOO[2]}<br>some text<br></code></pre>\r
280	\r
281	<p>To loop through an array, you can use a piece of shell code\r
282	like the following:</p>\r
283	\r
284	<pre><code><br>\r
285	#!/bin/sh</pre><pre>FOO=( bar string 'some text')<br>foonum=${#FOO}<br>\r
286