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100 <h1>Using arrays in bash</h1>
101 <p class="byline">by <a href="http://search.techrepublic.com.com/search/Vincent Danen.html">Vincent Danen</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;Aug 08, 2005 7:00:00 AM</p>
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237 <p class="takeaway"><b>Takeaway:</b> Learn two ways two declare an array in bash in this Linux tip.</p>
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248 <p>Assigning variables in bash is easily done and extremely\r
249useful, but like other programming languages, bash can also use arrays. This is\r
250particularly handy when you want to read the contents of a file into an array or\r
251simply keep your scripts more organized and logical.</p>\r
252\r
253<p>There are two ways of declaring an array:</p>\r
254\r
255<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>declare -a FOO<br>&lt;/code&gt;</pre>\r
256\r
257<p>This creates an empty array called FOO. You can also declare\r
258an array by assigning values to it:</p>\r
259\r
260<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>FOO[2] = 'bar'<br>&lt;/codE&gt;</pre>\r
261\r
262<p>This assigns the third element of the array to the value\r
263'bar'. In this instance, FOO[0] and FOO[1] are also\r
264created, but their values are empty.</p>\r
265\r
266<p>To populate an array, use:</p>\r
267\r
268<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>FOO=( bar string 'some text' )<br>&lt;/code&gt;</pre>\r
269\r
270<p>This assigns the first element (FOO[0])\r
271to 'bar', the second (FOO[1]) to 'string' and the final element (FOO[3]) to\r
272'some text'. Notice that the array elements are separated by a blank space, so\r
273if a value contains white spaces it must be quoted.</p>\r
274\r
275<p>To use an array, it is referred to as $FOO[2]\r
276but it also needs to be surrounded in curly braces, otherwise bash will not\r
277expand it correctly:</p>\r
278\r
279<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>$ echo {$FOO[2]}<br>some text<br>&lt;/code&gt;</pre>\r
280\r
281<p>To loop through an array, you can use a piece of shell code\r
282like the following:</p>\r
283\r
284<pre>&lt;code&gt;<br>\r
285#!/bin/sh</pre><pre>FOO=( bar string 'some text')<br>foonum=${#FOO}<br>\r
286