+#define suffix(A,B,C) (((A=strrchr(B,C))&&!(*(A++)=0))||(A=B))
+#define prefix(A,B,C) ((A=B),((B=strchr(B,C))&&!(*(B++)=0)||(B=A)))
+#define for_split_str(A,B,C) for(prefix(A,B,C);A;(A!=B)&&prefix(A,B,C)||(A=NULL))
+#define for_valid_split(A,B,C) for_split_str(A,B,C) if(*A)
+#define switch_for_columns(A,B,C) _FOR_COLUMNS(A,B,C) switch(__I)
+#define switch_for_valid_columns(A,B,C) _FOR_VALID_COLUMNS(A,B,C) switch (_I)
+#define if_column_number(A,B,C,V) _FOR_COLUMNS(A,B,C) if(_I==V)
+#define if_valid_column_number(A,B,C,V) _FOR_VALID_COLUMNS(A,B,C) if(_I==V)
+#define tr(STR,B,C) {char *_S=STR; /***/ while(S && *_S) {if(*_S==B)*_S=C; _S++;} }
+/* .----------------------------------------------------------------------.