cll1.txt

   1
   2 C<<1: The Programming Language
   3 ==============================
   4
   5 Feedback: xchaos@arachne.cz
   6 Homepage: http://gpl.arachne.cz
   7
   8 Copyright (G) 2004 Michael Polak, x@n.cz
   9 C<<1 is available under terms of GNU Lesser Public License (LGPL)
  10 This file is available under terms of GNU Free Documentation License
  11
  12 1. Introduction
  13 ---------------
  14
  15 There are various extensions and definitions of classical C language,
  16 for example object oriented "C++" and "Objective C", minimalistic C--,
  17 proprietary C# used by .Net project, etc. Many other modern languages
  18
  19 C<<1 is designed to work as "stylesheet" for very classical ANSI C, and
  20 it was specificaly tested to work fine with GNU C Compiler gcc. There is
  21 no special C<<1 compiler or interpreter; instead, you are expected to
  22 include special header file called cll1.h the same way you would include
  23 let's say string or I/O library implemented in standard C library. Except
  24 that you don't need to link your executable with any special library,
  25 neither staticaly nor dynamicaly, and you don't have to configure your gcc
  26 or make to do so.
  27
  28 #include <cll1.h>
  29
  30 Or #include "cll1.h", if cll1.h is not installed in your /usr/include
  31 directory. That'it. No linking, no initialization, allocation, or so.
  32
  33 C<<1 can be used for dummy, structured or object oriented programing,
  34 whatever method you prefere. C<<1 focuses mainly on adding new complex
  35 semantic structures into C, rather than inventing brand new syntax or class
  36 hieararchy, or providing set of pre-defined library functions. To allow
  37 that, most of C<<1 functions are implemented as macros for C preprocessor.
  38
  39 2. Getting started
  40 ------------------
  41
  42 #include <cll1.h>
  43
  44 program
  45 {
  46  puts("Hello World!");
  47 }
  48
  49 Of course, int main(int argc,void **argv) can be still used. In fact,
  50 macro "program" doesn't do much more than that ! Following program prints
  51 all arguments:
  52
  53 program
  54 {
  55  char *ptr;
  56
  57  arguments
  58  {
  59   thisargument(ptr);
  60   puts(ptr);
  61  }
  62  else
  63   puts("Bleeeeh, no arguments supplied... :-(");
  64 }
  65
  66 Well, don't be surprised with "else" after "arguments". This is not the
  67 last time in C<<1, when you will see C keywords somewhere you don't expect
  68 them. Of course, you would like to use it this way, I guess:
  69
  70 program
  71 {
  72  char *ptr;
  73
  74  arguments
  75  {
  76   argument("-?") printf("This is just help!\n");
  77   else argument("-f") { nextargument(ptr) printf("Forced argument: %s\n",ptr); }
  78   else { thisargument(ptr); printf("Simple argument: %s \n",ptr); }
  79  }
  80  else
  81   puts("Bleeeeh, no arguments supplied... :-(");
  82 }
  83
  84 2. Where is my main() funciton ?!
  85 ---------------------------------
  86
  87 If you want to use int main(int argc,void **argv) { } instead of
  88 program { }, it's ok. Being fan of Basic and not Pascal, I don't
  89 like the program keyword at all. In fact, by avoiding "program" construct
  90 and using standard main() declaration, you would be still able to access
  91 most of C<<1 functionality, but for example not the arguments() structure
  92 mentioned above.
  93
  94 3. Ok, let's go on
  95 ------------------
  96
  97 This is some code to send e-mail using unix sendmail:
  98 (ok, nothing special, same as "echo .... | sendmail ....")
  99
 100 program
 101 {
 102  paste("From: me@here\nSubject: Here we go...\n\nblah blah blah")
 103  system("/usr/sbin/sendmail someone@somewhere");
 104 }
 105
 106 This program prints exactly 6th column of /etc/passwd file
 107 (ok, nothing special, same as "cut -f 6 -d : /etc/passwd")
 108
 109 program
 110 {
 111  char *ptr;
 112  parse("/etc/passwd")
 113  {
 114   column(ptr,_,':',6);
 115   if(ptr)puts(ptr);
 116  }
 117  done;
 118 }
 119
 120 But next program prints 1st and 6th column of /etc/passwd.
 121 (What is equivalent in bash ?)
 122
 123 program
 124 {
 125  char *ptr;
 126  int i;
 127  parse("/etc/passwd")
 128  {
 129   columns(ptr,_,':',i) switch(i)
 130   {
 131    case 1: printf("%s...",ptr); break;
 132    case 6: puts(ptr);
 133   }
 134  }
 135  done;
 136 }
 137
 138
 139 4. Groups of C<<1 macros
 140 ------------------------
 141
 142 ! - macro is available only when using "program" instead of "main()"
 143
 144 I. Unconditional iterations - without else
 145
 146 every
 147 iterate
 148 repeat !
 149
 150 II. Conditional iterations - else can happen once
 151
 152 find
 153 arguments !
 154 argument
 155 nextargument
 156
 157 III. Conditional iterations - else can happen many times
 158
 159 search
 160 valid_split
 161 valid_columns
 162
 163 IV. Weird iterations (with something special)
 164
 165 parse - [fail] - done
 166
 167 V. Standalone sequences - they look like function calls, but they are not.
 168
 169 insert
 170 append
 171 push
 172 remove
 173 sort
 174 shell
 175 paste
 176 column
 177 valid_column
 178 ...
 179
 180 VI. Well behaved seqences - can be used anywhere where functions can.
 181
 182 create
 183 string
 184 goto_*
 185 prefix
 186 suffix
 187 ...
 188
 189 5. Forbidden namespace
 190 ----------------------
 191
 192 Variables starting with _ (underscored) followed by one or more capital
 193 characters (A-Z) are reserved as C<<1 private compile-time namespace.
 194
 195 6. Compile time errors
 196 ----------------------
 197
 198 - parse error at end of input
 199
 200 You probably forgot to close some macro which must be obligatory
 201 terminated by another macro - as "parse error" message suggests,
 202 it is likely to be error in macro "parse() { } [ fail ] { } done; "
 203
 204 :-)
 205
 206 7. We apologize for inconvenience
 207 ---------------------------------
 208
 209 This documentation file is unfortunately incomplete.
 210 HTML online documentation is comming soon ... sooner ... or later...