cll1.txt

   1 THIS FILE IS OBSOLETE !!!
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6 C<<1: The Programming Language
   7 ==============================
   8
   9 Feedback: xchaos@arachne.cz
  10 Homepage: http://gpl.arachne.cz
  11
  12 Copyright (G) 2004 Michael Polak, x@n.cz
  13 C<<1 is available under terms of GNU Lesser Public License (LGPL)
  14 This file is available under terms of GNU Free Documentation License
  15
  16 1. Introduction
  17 ---------------
  18
  19 There are various extensions and definitions of classical C language,
  20 for example object oriented "C++" and "Objective C", minimalistic C--,
  21 proprietary C# used by .Net project, etc. Many other modern languages
  22
  23 C<<1 is designed to work as "stylesheet" for very classical ANSI C, and
  24 it was specificaly tested to work fine with GNU C Compiler gcc. There is
  25 no special C<<1 compiler or interpreter; instead, you are expected to
  26 include special header file called cll1.h the same way you would include
  27 let's say string or I/O library implemented in standard C library. Except
  28 that you don't need to link your executable with any special library,
  29 neither staticaly nor dynamicaly, and you don't have to configure your gcc
  30 or make to do so.
  31
  32 #include <cll1.h>
  33
  34 Or #include "cll1.h", if cll1.h is not installed in your /usr/include
  35 directory. That'it. No linking, no initialization, allocation, or so.
  36
  37 C<<1 can be used for dummy, structured or object oriented programing,
  38 whatever method you prefere. C<<1 focuses mainly on adding new complex
  39 semantic structures into C, rather than inventing brand new syntax or class
  40 hieararchy, or providing set of pre-defined library functions. To allow
  41 that, most of C<<1 functions are implemented as macros for C preprocessor.
  42
  43 2. Getting started
  44 ------------------
  45
  46 #include <cll1.h>
  47
  48 program
  49 {
  50  puts("Hello World!");
  51 }
  52
  53 Of course, int main(int argc,void **argv) can be still used. In fact,
  54 macro "program" doesn't do much more than that ! Following program prints
  55 all arguments:
  56
  57 program
  58 {
  59  char *ptr;
  60
  61  arguments
  62  {
  63   thisargument(ptr);
  64   puts(ptr);
  65  }
  66  else
  67   puts("Bleeeeh, no arguments supplied... :-(");
  68 }
  69
  70 Well, don't be surprised with "else" after "arguments". This is not the
  71 last time in C<<1, when you will see C keywords somewhere you don't expect
  72 them. Of course, you would like to use it this way, I guess:
  73
  74 program
  75 {
  76  char *ptr;
  77
  78  arguments
  79  {
  80   argument("-?") printf("This is just help!\n");
  81   else argument("-f") { nextargument(ptr) printf("Forced argument: %s\n",ptr); }
  82   else { thisargument(ptr); printf("Simple argument: %s \n",ptr); }
  83  }
  84  else
  85   puts("Bleeeeh, no arguments supplied... :-(");
  86 }
  87
  88 2. Where is my main() funciton ?!
  89 ---------------------------------
  90
  91 If you want to use int main(int argc,void **argv) { } instead of
  92 program { }, it's ok. Being fan of Basic and not Pascal, I don't
  93 like the program keyword at all. In fact, by avoiding "program" construct
  94 and using standard main() declaration, you would be still able to access
  95 most of C<<1 functionality, but for example not the arguments() structure
  96 mentioned above.
  97
  98 3. Ok, let's go on
  99 ------------------
 100
 101 This is some code to send e-mail using unix sendmail:
 102 (ok, nothing special, same as "echo .... | sendmail ....")
 103
 104 program
 105 {
 106  paste("From: me@here\nSubject: Here we go...\n\nblah blah blah")
 107  system("/usr/sbin/sendmail someone@somewhere");
 108 }
 109
 110 This program prints exactly 6th column of /etc/passwd file
 111 (ok, nothing special, same as "cut -f 6 -d : /etc/passwd")
 112
 113 program
 114 {
 115  char *ptr;
 116  parse("/etc/passwd")
 117  {
 118   column(ptr,_,':',6);
 119   if(ptr)puts(ptr);
 120  }
 121  done;
 122 }
 123
 124 But next program prints 1st and 6th column of /etc/passwd.
 125 (What is equivalent in bash ?)
 126
 127 program
 128 {
 129  char *ptr;
 130  int i;
 131  parse("/etc/passwd")
 132  {
 133   columns(ptr,_,':',i) switch(i)
 134   {
 135    case 1: printf("%s...",ptr); break;
 136    case 6: puts(ptr);
 137   }
 138  }
 139  done;
 140 }
 141
 142
 143 4. Groups of C<<1 macros
 144 ------------------------
 145
 146 ! - macro is available only when using "program" instead of "main()"
 147
 148 I. Unconditional iterations - without else
 149
 150 every
 151 iterate
 152 repeat !
 153
 154 II. Conditional iterations - else can happen once
 155
 156 find
 157 arguments !
 158 argument
 159 nextargument
 160
 161 III. Conditional iterations - else can happen many times
 162
 163 search
 164 valid_split
 165 valid_columns
 166
 167 IV. Weird iterations (with something special)
 168
 169 parse - [fail] - done
 170
 171 V. Standalone sequences - they look like function calls, but they are not.
 172
 173 insert
 174 append
 175 push
 176 remove
 177 sort
 178 shell
 179 paste
 180 column
 181 valid_column
 182 ...
 183
 184 VI. Well behaved seqences - can be used anywhere where functions can.
 185
 186 create
 187 string
 188 goto_*
 189 prefix
 190 suffix
 191 ...
 192
 193 5. Forbidden namespace
 194 ----------------------
 195
 196 Variables starting with _ (underscored) followed by one or more capital
 197 characters (A-Z) are reserved as C<<1 private compile-time namespace.
 198
 199 6. Compile time errors
 200 ----------------------
 201
 202 - parse error at end of input
 203
 204 You probably forgot to close some macro which must be obligatory
 205 terminated by another macro - as "parse error" message suggests,
 206 it is likely to be error in macro "parse() { } [ fail ] { } done; "
 207
 208 :-)
 209
 210 7. We apologize for inconvenience
 211 ---------------------------------
 212
 213 This documentation file is unfortunately incomplete.
 214 HTML online documentation is comming soon ... sooner ... or later...